What Have
Done The Manufacturers to Become More Competitive ?? Who has done manufacturers
in order to become competitive are:
·
Focusing
on customers
·
Retain
close ties with suppliers and other companies to meet customer needs
·
Practicing
continuous development
·
Focus
on quality
·
Save
costs through the selection of place
·
Relying
on the Internet to bring together companies
·
Using
the new production techniques
Production
:
is the making of goods and services that have been so with using the factors of
production. For example: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, and knowledge.
Production
Management : is a term used to describe all activities undertaken by managers to help
their companies make the goods.
Operations
Management : is a special area in the management of change or transform resources
(including human resources) into goods and services.
Form
Utility is the value added by manufacture of goods and services that have become,
like the value added by using silicon and manufacture of computer chips or
merger to create a vacation package service.
Manufacturing
Process that is part of the production process which physically or chemically
change the material.
Assembly
Process that is part of the production process which brings together the
components to make products.
On going
process of the production process in which long production runs and menghasilan
goods so many times.
NEEDS
TO IMPROVE PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES AND SAVE COSTS
The main objective of manufacturing and operations
management is to provide high-quality products and services instantly in
response to customer demand. As a result of the new global competition,
companies must make a variety of high quality products that are designed to
order with a very low cost. Several major developments have radically changed
the production process in the United States manufacturing and computer aided
design, flexible manufacturing, lean manufacturing and mass customization.
1. Manufacturing and Design Aided by Computer
One of the past seems to have changed the production
techniques and strategies. The first thing is to aid in computer aided product
design called a computer-assisted design (computer-aided design - CAD). To
involve computers directly in the production process is called manufacturing
assisted by computer (computer-aided manufacturing - CAM). CAD / CAM product
design allows customization to meet the needs of small markets that have a very
small increase in cost. For example, CAD / CAM is used in clothing industry
2. Flexible Manufacturing
Flexible manufacturing involves designing machines to perform many
tasks, so that these machines
generate a lot of diverse products. For example, the manufacture of starter
motors.
3. Lean manufacturing
Lean manufacturing is the production of goods by
utilizing all sources less than mass production.
4. Mass Customization
Mass customization which means adjust the product to
meet the many individual customers. For example the National Bicycle Industrial
Company of Japan which makes 18 models of bicycles in more than 2 million
combinations that each combination is designed to meet specific customer needs.
Customers choose the type, size, color, and design,
OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT PLANNING :
Planning the location of operations management in
both manufacturing and service sector,which includes the location of
facilities, facility layout, material requitments planning of purchasing, inventory
control and quality control.
1)
Location
Of Facilities : Location of facilities is the process of site selection for companies and
geography sugery one of the strategies in the location of the facility is to
find a place That allows customers to access the companys service and the
highest them. Location Of Facilities For The Manufacturer : Location of
facilities for the manufacturer is manufacturing organizations transition from
one city or another state in a place like this asing.peralihan ussualy generate
unemployment in Some geographicregions and result in remarkable economic growth
in area.one of the most common reason for a transfer of business is the
availability of cheap labor or type of skilled labor that. Brings operations
management to the Internet : Many large manufacturing companies such as
Microsoft, to develop strategies that focus on new Internet that will enable
them and other companies to compete more effectively in the future. The
location of future facilities : Developments in information technology
(computers, modems, e-mail, voice mail, teleconferencing, etc.) member
companies and their employees more flexibility than previously available in
select locations while living in a competitive environment.
2) Facility
Layout : Physical arrangement of sources (including people) in the production
process. The point is to put offices, machinery, area, storage, and other
articles in the best possible position to enable workers to produce goods and
provide services for our customers. Facility layout is very dependent on the
process that should be done.
3) Materials requirement planning - MRP - enterprise
resource planning-ERP
4) Purchasing
5) Just-in-time inventory control
6) Control Quality : Consistently
produce what customers want while reducing errors before and after delivery to
the customer (Six sigma quality, Statistical
quality control – SQC, and Statistical process control – SPC)
Standar
ISO 9000 and 14000 : ISO is a
federation of national standards bodies and the scope of the World More Than
140 countries globally to determine the size of individual product quality.
ISO, Including non-governmental organization established in 1947 to show
progress of world standards to facilitate international exchange of goods and
services. ISO 9000 is the general name given to the management of quality and
standards are guaranteed. IS0 14000 is a collection of best practices for
managing organizational impact on the environment, does not determine the level
of employment.
Control
Procedures : Important road is the sequence of tasks that require the time needed
to complete this road project will cause delays or production.
.
